Tuesday, November 3, 2015

Emissions trading; liaising the two extremes

This week, Bonn is hosting the United Nations Climate Change Conference. It is a preparation round before a conference held in Paris in November. All the talks and efforts, are focused on finalizing an agreement which can address the concerns about the climate change and the risks of increasing emissions. However, it is expected that emissions trading is an instant proposal, in case such talks fail to come to a reasonable and timely conclusion.

Beyond just asking and preaching about climate change and the threat we are facing, there has always been two mainstream proposals to address the issue of emissions: tax, and cap-and-trade. Following the provisions implemented in the Kyoto Protocol, the cap-and-trade, has got momentum and was embraced by considerable nations and regions. Despite ups and downs in the turnover of the carbon trading, it seems to be the outright solution until the frustrating process of forming international conventions comes up with any better alternative.

Interestingly, this is where some of the most pollutant industries, get connected to the ones which are known to be among the most environmentally friendly, like renewable energies. To make it yet more interesting, the facilitators of this liaison, are the most unlikely ones to be expected to have such concerns, i.e. the financial institutions like Barclays, largest commodity trading houses like Vitol, or the exchanges like ICE.

Friday, October 16, 2015

The Risks of Commodity Trading – Part 1

Commodity Trading Firms face several overlapping categories of risk. They hedge changes of flat price as basis risk which is considered as the risk of change in the differential between the price of physical commodity and its hedging instrument. The firms manage this risk in financial markets. In this regards, they also take on spread risk, which arises out of timing mismatch between a commodity and a hedging instrument.

The liquidity risks, including the hedging liquidity, market liquidity and funding liquidity are another source of major risks in commodity trading. The firms manage them through internal and external financial tools.

Operational risks are a variety of risks resulting from the failure of some part of operational process, rather than from variations in prices or quantities. This risk can be managed through a combination of approaches, including insurance, IT and health and safety audits.

Other risks, including political, legal, contract performance and currency risk, should also be considered and taken care of during a successful trading flow.

The firms also use diversification by trading in multiple markets and integration by using assets across the value chain to reduce all of the above mentioned risks.